First lecture 1 of particle physics

Some introduction will be shown here. There won´t be advance lectures like quantum field theory and theory particle physics in this lectures. These lectures will only show some of the particle physics and the properties the particle have.

The first question is how many natural forces/interaction exist in the nature? Well there exist four of them and they are electromagnetic, gravitation, weak and strong force.

The gravitation force is of course well known force which was mathematical describe already on 1600 of Newton. This is the Newton Fourth law. This formula work well, but became a problem with heavy bodies like the sun and the Mercury’s orbital which is near the suns can´t be described well from the Newton Fourth law. The same can be said of the astronomical bodies like other stars, white dwarf, neutron star, quark star and black holes. Thereafter came a new theoretical description of the gravitation which is the general relativity theory. In particle physics the gravitation is for weak to be an important part. The quantum field theory which is a theoretical frame for the particle physics is a combination of quantum mechanics and the special relativity theory. The combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity theory is in theory like the String theory or quantum loop theory. This force (from the general relativity theory this isn´t really a force) will not be in this lectures.

The electromagnetic force is a force known from 1800 and from the electromagnetic theories one can find out that an electromagnetic force and a magnetic force could be unified and describes only with one unified force.

The weak force is a nuclear force which can be discovered for example from the beta decays. We want to tell about this much more about what beta decay is and draw this in the practical diagram called Feynman diagrams. Like for the electromagnetic force the unification of the electromagnetic and weak force can be describe theoretical and named the electroweak force.

The strong force is a nuclear force which holds the nuclei together. The protons in the nuclei have a charge of +1 and this gives the electromagnetic force repulsion between the protons. This should give that the protons would get away from each other, so you need a strong force to counteract the electromagnetic repulsion force.

The physics also wants to find a unification of these three forces with a theory named supersymmetric particle theories.

However it seems today maybe other forces have been discovered like spin – spin orbital force?

In the next lectures I want to go through the structures of from the atoms to the nuclei, which can be found from the pictures from the introduction of this blog. I want also categorize the particles in different groups which depend about the properties of the particles.